INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

India is the seventh largest and second most populous  country of the world. It is a country of diversity.  Its diversity is reflected in social, political as well as geographical realms. Indian stretches from the snow-capped Himalayas in the north to sun drenched coastal village of the south. It has humid tropical forests on the south-west coast and fertile Brahmaputra valley on the east and there is the Thar Desert in the West.  It is lying entirely in the northern hemisphere. From north to south India stretches about 3214 km and from east to west it stretches 2933 km. Indian has a land frontier of about 15200 km. The total length of the coastline of the mainland is 7516.6 km.  The southernmost point of the country is Indira point which is in the Andaman and Nicobar Island. Countries having a common border with India are Pakistan and Afghanistan to the north-west, Nepal, Bhutan and China to the north, Bangladesh to the east to the West Bengal and Myanmar to the east.

Geographically India can be categorized into four regions. The details of which are as follows:

1. The Indo-Gangetic Plain: The plains of the Ganga and the Indus are about 2400 km long and 240 to 320 km broad. They are formed by basins of three distinct river systems- the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
2. The great mountain zone:
3. The desert region: This region may be categorized into two parts i.e. the great desert and the little desert.
4. The Southern Peninsula: The peninsula is flanked on the one side by the Eastern Ghats where its elevation is generally 610 meters and on the other by the Western Ghats where its elevation is from 915 to 1220 meters.

River System

The river system of India can be categories into four groups i.e. i. Himalayan rivers, ii. Deccan rivers iii. Coastal rivers and iv. River of the inland drainage basin.

Important waterfalls of India

S. No.	Name of Waterfall	River
1.	Jog	Sharavati
2.	Dhuandhar	Narmada
3.	Yenna	Narmada
4	Shivsamudram	Cauvery
5.	Hundru	Subarnarekha

 

 

Important Lakes of India

S. No.	Name of Lake	State
1.	Dal	Jammu  & Kashmir
2.	Wular	Jammu and Kashmir
3.	Nagin	Jammu & Kashmir
4.	Sāmbhar	Rajasthan
5.	Pulicat	Tamil Nadu
6.	Loktak	Manipur
7.	Devtal	Uttarkhand
8.	Chilka	Odisha
9.	Didwana	Rajasthan
10.	Vembanad	Kerala

 

Climate

The climate of India is termed as tropical monsoon type. There are four main season in India. The details of which is following:

1. The Winter Season/Cold weather :  December to February
2. The Summer Season/Hot weather:  March to May
3. The rainy Season : June to September
4. Post Monsoon Period : October to November

Agriculture

Significance of agriculture may be imagined by the fact that this sector provides livelihood for about 56 per cent of the people of the country.   Agriculture sector provides the bulk of wage goods needed by non-agriculture sectors and most of the raw materials for the industries sector.

Major Crops producing  States in India

 

S. No.	Crop	Important Producing States
1.	Wheat	Punjab, Uttar Pradesh,  Haryana, Bihar, Rajasthan
2.	Rice	West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh
3.	Jawar	Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
4	Ragi	Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Jammu and Kashmir
5.	Barley	Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Haryana
6.	Oilseeds	Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh
7.	Groundnut	Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadh , Karnataka
8.	Cotton	Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh,
9.	Cocoa	Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
10.	Tea	Asom, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
11.	Jute	West Bengal, Bihar, Asom